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ABSTRACT Introduction: Immunogenicity has emerged as a challenge in the development of vaccines against coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Immunogenicity is a determinant of the efficacy and safety of vaccines. This systematic review and associated meta-analysis summarized and characterized the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Relevant RCTs were systematically sourced from different medical databases in August 2021. The risk ratios and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Of 2,310 papers, 16 RCTs were eligible for review. These RCTs involved a total of 26,698 participants (15,292 males and 11,231 females). The pooled results showed a significant difference in the geometric mean titer between the vaccinated and control groups in favor of the vaccine group after 1 and 2 months of follow-up, for the young age group (18 - < 55y), and with different doses (P < 0.001). The difference in the older age group (>55y) was insignificant (P = 0.24). The seroconversion rate of spike neutralizing antibodies favored the vaccine groups 1 or 2 months after vaccination (P < 0.001). The seroconversion rate of the vaccine group was significantly different (P < 0.001) from that of the control group. Conclusions: Vaccination elicits immunogenicity in the follow-up period for all age groups and at low and large doses. Therefore, people should be encouraged to receive vaccines currently being offered. A boost dose has been asserted for the elderly.
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Abstract Aims: The present study was designed to investigate the dose-response relationship of muscular performance and anaerobic power to whole-body vibration (WBV). Methods: Nine recreationally males were subjected to five experimental conditions: A) Squat exercise (SE) without WBV; B) WBV1 [31.55 m.s-2]; C) WBV2 [159.73 m.s-2]; (D) WBV3 [319.45 m.s-2]; and E) WBV4 [567.91 m.s-2]. Before and after the experimental procedures, muscle performance was assessed by a vertical jump test and handgrip strength test and anaerobic power by Wingate anaerobic test (WT). Results: WBV2 and WBV3 increased jump relative power [Δ=0.92 ± 0.89 W/Kg (+1.97%) and Δ=1.29 ±1.79 W/Kg (+2.77%), respectively; P=0.02; effect size= 0.92; power= 0.87] and height [Δ=0.96 ± 0.73 cm (2.80%) and Δ=1.61 ± 2.36 cm (4,57%), respectively; P= < 0.01; effect size= 0.96; power= 0.99] compared to the SE [Δ=-1.28 ± 0.81 cm (-3.55%)]. There was no dose-response relationship of handgrip strength to WBV. WBV2 improved WT relative power (power/body weight) compared to the other experimental conditions [Δ= 0.61 ± 0.36 W/Kg (+ 5.25%); P < 0.01; ; effect size= 0.98; power= 0.99], and WT relative work was higher in WBV3 [Δ= 1.86 ± 5.46 KJ/Kg (+ 0.70%)condition compared to WBV1[Δ= -6.71 ± 4.03 KJ/Kg (- 2.49%) ( P= 0.03). Conclusion: These results suggest that lower limb muscular performance and anaerobic power are responsive to vibration accelerations WBV2 (159.73 m.s-2) and WBV3 (319.45 m.s-2).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Athletes , Warm-Up Exercise , Physical Functional Performance , Resistance TrainingABSTRACT
Se sabe que la fractura de Tillaux ocurre en adolescentes una vez que ocurre durante el período de transición cuando la fisis medial y central ha finalizado el cierre, pero la fisis lateral todavía está abierta. El mecanismo de traumatismo es típicamente una lesión de tobillo de rotación externa que resulta en una fractura por avulsión del plafón tibial anterolateral. Esta fractura rara vez se ha informado en adultos, especialmente asociada con otras lesiones. Divulgamos un caso de fractura de Tillaux en un adulto, asociado con una fractura de Volkmann y una fractura de Maisonneuve, que se trataron mediante cirugía con reducción abierta y fijación interna y tuvieron un resultado excelente. Reconocer y tratar apropiadamente cada una de estas lesiones es la clave para prevenir artritis e inestabilidad degenerativas.
Tillaux fracture is known to occur in adolescents once it happens during transition period when the medial and central physis has finished closure, but the lateral physis is still opened. The trauma mechanism is typically external rotation ankle injury resulting in an avulsion fracture of the anterolateral tibial plafond. This fracture has rarely been reported in adults, especially associated with others injuries. We report a case of Tillaux fracture in an adult, associated with a Volkmann fracture and a Maisonneuve fracture, that were surgery treated with open reduction and internal fixation and had an excellent outcome. Recognize and appropriately treat each one of these injuries is the key to prevent further degenerative arthritis and instability.
Subject(s)
Humans , Ankle Fractures , Tibia , Tibial FracturesABSTRACT
Tillaux fracture is known to occur in adolescents once it happens during transition period when the medial and central physis has finished closure, but the lateral physis is still opened. The trauma mechanism is typically external rotation ankle injury resulting in an avulsion fracture of the anterolateral tibial plafond. This fracture has rarely been reported in adults, especially associated with others injuries. We report a case of Tillaux fracture in an adult, associated with a Volkmann fracture and a Maisonneuve fracture, that were surgery treated with open reduction and internal fixation and had an excellent outcome. Recognize and appropriately treat each one of these injuries is the key to prevent further degenerative arthritis and instability.
Se sabe que la fractura de Tillaux ocurre en adolescentes una vez que ocurre durante el período de transición cuando la fisis medial y central ha finalizado el cierre, pero la fisis lateral todavía está abierta. El mecanismo de traumatismo es típicamente una lesión de tobillo de rotación externa que resulta en una fractura por avulsión del plafón tibial anterolateral. Esta fractura rara vez se ha informado en adultos, especialmente asociada con otras lesiones. Divulgamos un caso de fractura de Tillaux en un adulto, asociado con una fractura de Volkmann y una fractura de Maisonneuve, que se trataron mediante cirugía con reducción abierta y fijación interna y tuvieron un resultado excelente. Reconocer y tratar apropiadamente cada una de estas lesiones es la clave para prevenir artritis e inestabilidad degenerativas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Ankle Fractures , Tibia , Tibial FracturesABSTRACT
A lesão fechada simultânea por avulsão do tendão ï¬exor profundo e do tendão ï¬exor superï¬cial dos dedos é rara, tendo sido relatados somente nove casos na literatura desde 1984. Foram descritas diversas técnicas para o reparo cirúrgico da lesão dos tendões ï¬exores, todavia, sem um consenso sobre a melhor forma de reinserção do tendão. Relatamos o caso de um paciente que sofreu avulsão traumática do tendão ï¬exor superï¬cial e do tendão ï¬exor profundo do 5º dedo, que foi tratado cirurgicamente pela técnica de Pull-Out.
Simultaneous closed traumatic avulsion of both the deep flexor tendon and the superficial flexor tendon of the fingers is rare, and only nine cases have been reported in the literature since 1984. Several surgical procedures for repairing flexor tendon lesions have been described, but there is no consensus on the best approach to reinsert the tendon. We report the case of a patient who suffered a traumatic avulsion of the superficial flexor tendon and the deep flexor tendon of the fifth finger, which was surgically treated using the pull-out technique.
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Humans , Adult , Tendon Injuries/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Hand/surgery , RuptureABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objectives To analyze the results of biomechanical assays of the fixation of Pauwels type II femoral neck fractures in synthetic bones, using two parallel cannulated screws or three cannulated screws in an inverted pyramid formation. Methods Ten Brazilian-made synthetic bones were divided into 2 groups. Groups A and B utilized three and two cannulated screws, respectively, after osteotomy in the middle third of the femur, perpendicular to the axis of the femoral neck, simulating a Pauwels type II femoral neck fracture. The resistance of these fixations was analyzed by compression on the axis of the force resulting from hip compression, simulated with a manual hydraulic press. The T-test and post hoc analysis were used to compare the groups, and the significance criterion adopted was p < 0.05. Results In group A, which used fixation with three screws, synthesis failure was seen at a mean force of 526 N. In group B, which used two screws, the mean force was 466 N. The results presented a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02). Conclusion The osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures in synthetic bone fixated with two screws presented inferior results to fixation with three screws. Level of Evidence III; Case-control study.
RESUMO Objetivos analisar os resultados dos ensaios biomecânicos da fixação da fratura de colo de fêmur Pauwels tipo II em ossos sintéticos, utilizando dois parafusos paralelos ou três parafusos em formação de triângulo invertido. Métodos Foram utilizados 10 ossos sintéticos, de uma marca nacional, divididos em dois grupos. Nos grupos A e B foram realizados, respectivamente, fixação com três e com dois parafusos canulados, após osteotomia perpendicular ao colo femoral no seu terço médio, simulando uma fratura do colo femoral Pauwels tipo II. Analisou-se a resistência destas fixações a uma compressão no eixo da força resultante de compressão do quadril, através de uma prensa hidráulica manual. O teste t e a análise "post hoc" foram utilizadas para comparação dos grupos e o critério de determinação de significância adotado foi p < 0,05. Resultados No grupo A, submetido à fixação com três parafusos, observou-se a falha da síntese com uma média de 526 N. Já no grupo B, com dois parafusos, a média foi de 466 N. Os resultados encontrados apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa, com p = 0,02. Conclusão A osteossíntese das fraturas do colo femoral de osso sintético com dois parafusos apresentou resultados inferiores à utilização de três parafusos. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo caso-controle.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the risk factors and analyze the characteristics of patients and lesions in Dupuytren's disease. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with Dupuytren's disease in a hand surgery clinic in 2013. The authors evaluated parameters associated with the patient profiles and risk factors, the form and severity of involvement, and characteristics of the lesions. Results: 58 patients were evaluated, totaling 79 hands, with bilateral involvement in 46% of cases. The involvement of the ulnar fingers of the hand represented 78%, 44% being the ring finger. In 55% of cases, the patients had cords, while 45% showed only nodules. As for related factors, they were found most commonly in men (55%), whites (93%), and the elderly. Of coexisting diseases, the following were present: diabetes mellitus (49%), especially in the insulin-dependent (62%), hypertension (55.2%), and dyslipidemia (19%). With regard to lifestyle, 22% were smokers and 9% were alcohol consumers. Conclusion: It was observed a higher incidence of Dupuytren's disease was observed among men, whites, and the ulnar fingers of the hand, especially the ring finger. The most common associated diseases were diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de risco e analisar as características dos pacientes e das lesões encontradas em portadores da doença de Dupuytren. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos pacientes diagnosticados com a doença de Dupuytren no ambulatório de cirurgia da mão em 2013. Foram avaliados parâmetros associados ao perfil dos pacientes e fatores de risco, a forma e gravidade do acometimento e as características das lesões. Resultados: Foram avaliados 58 pacientes, 79 mãos, com acometimento bilateral em 46% dos casos. O envolvimento dos dedos do lado ulnar da mão representou 78%, 44% dos casos no dedo anular. Em 55% dos casos os pacientes apresentavam cordas, enquanto 45% mostravam apenas nódulos. Quanto aos fatores relacionados, encontramos predomínio em homens (55%), brancos (93%) e idosos. Das doenças coexistentes, estavam presentes a diabetes mellitus (49%), especialmente nos insulinodependentes (62%), hipertensos (55,2%) e dislipidêmicos (19%). Com relação aos hábitos de vida, 22% eram fumantes e 9% etilistas. Conclusão: Foi observada uma maior incidência da doença de Dupuytren entre homens, brancos, nos dedos do lado ulnar da mão, principalmente no dedo anular. As doenças mais comumente associadas foram o diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial sistêmica.